Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): An Overview

At D9 Therapy,  located in dublin, we can help you cope with OCD. Have a look at our therapists and book an appointment today.

 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental rituals (compulsions) performed to reduce anxiety. It can be distressing and time-consuming, often interfering with daily life.

Common Symptoms of OCD

Obsessions (Intrusive Thoughts)

These are repetitive, distressing thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety. Common obsessions include:

  • Fear of contamination (e.g., germs, dirt)
  • Fear of harming oneself or others (even if unintended)
  • Excessive concern about order, symmetry, or exactness
  • Unwanted taboo thoughts (violent, sexual, or religious in nature)
  • Fear of making mistakes or forgetting something important

Compulsions (Repetitive Behaviors or Mental Acts)

These are actions performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions. Common compulsions include:

  • Excessive handwashing or cleaning
  • Checking (e.g., doors, appliances, or locks)
  • Counting, tapping, or repeating words mentally
  • Arranging objects in a precise way
  • Seeking reassurance from others

 

Causes and Risk Factors

OCD is believed to be caused by a combination of:

  • Genetics – Family history increases risk.
  • Brain Chemistry – Differences in serotonin levels and activity in certain brain regions.
  • Life Experiences – Trauma, stress, or strict upbringing can contribute.

 

Treatment Options

 

1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): The most effective treatment, ERP involves gradually exposing a person to their fears without engaging in compulsions.
  • Cognitive Restructuring: Helps challenge irrational beliefs about obsessions.

 

2. Medication

  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Like fluoxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine, which help regulate serotonin.
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Like clomipramine, sometimes used for OCD.

 

3. Lifestyle and Alternative Approaches

  • Mindfulness & Meditation – Helps reduce the emotional intensity of obsessions.
  • Regular Exercise – Can improve mood and reduce stress-related triggers.
  • Support Groups & Therapy – Connecting with others facing similar struggles can help.